Posyandu is a form of community participation in the health sector which is managed by cadres with the target of all members of the community. This study aims to analyze the relationship between factors related to the low motivation of mothers to bring their babies / toddlers to Posyandu Semangka in the IV neighborhood of Siborang Village in 2020. The research design was an analytic survey using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers who had babies / toddlers in the IV environment of Siborang Village, as many as 73 people, with a sample of 73 mothers. The sampling technique was carried out using total sampling. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate tests with Chi Square. The results showed that the variable of maternal occupation had a significant relationship with the variable of the low motivation of mothers to bring their babies / toddlers to Posyandu with a p-value of 0.004 <0.05; the relationship between the level of education of the mother has a significant relationship with the variable of the low motivation of the mother to bring her baby / toddler to Posyandu with a p-value of 0.011 <0.05; Likewise, the maternal knowledge relationship variable has a significant relationship with the low motivation of the mother to bring her baby / toddler to Posyandu with a p-value of 0.040 <0.05. It is recommended that the community, especially mothers, be more active in seeking more information about the importance of bringing their babies / toddlers to Posyandu according to the age of the baby / toddler.

With the creation of the Human Rights Council Universal Period Review, its Working Group established in accordance with Human Rights Council Resolution 5/1 of 18th June, 2007 held its fourth session from 2nd to 13th of February, 2009 to review the human rights record of countries including Nigeria.2 In preparation for the review, the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria had constituted a broad-based UPR National Consultative Committee tasked with the responsibility of compiling its first national report on the steps taken as well as the challenges faced in the fulfilment of its treaty obligations. The Committee which comprised representatives from diverse stakeholders working for the promotion and protection of human rights in Nigeria subsequently convened the National Consultative Forum (NCF) and after series of meetings, produced the countrys first UPR national report, through a consultative process that climaxed in a national validation conference. During the deliberation of the forum, every human rights issue was openly discussed and participants were able to express their views freely. The outcome of the NCF is faithfully reflected in the national report.

This study examines the development of village authority arrangements, since the independent Republic of Indonesia until the issuance of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and Implementing Government Regulations. The purpose of this study is to understand the legal basis of village authority in Indonesia after the independence of the Republic of Indonesia until the issuance of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and to find out the development of the political direction of the governments law regarding village regulations related to the authority of the village government. The research method uses the type of research that researchers use is normative legal research. Obtaining data from library materials or secondary data, then the technique of collecting data or legal materials in this research is carried out by literature/documentation studies. This research uses a statute approach and a historical approach, which is carried out to track the history of legal institutions from time to time. This research produces an overview of the journey of regulating village authority, the ups and downs of village authority can be seen from the successive Laws of Regional and Village Governments, relating to the existence of village governments within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The conclusions that can be drawn from this research are regarding. These include: The existence of ups and downs regarding the regulation of village authority, both at the level of law and at the level of government regulations, the existence of the political will of the government to restore the existence of the village, which actually existed before the birth of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as the growing recognition of village autonomy and Traditional villages are of special concern to legislators (the President and the House of Representatives).

Cases of high levels of public debt have mostly been reported in many developing countries part of which is debt borrowed abroad. Foreign debt is more preferable by many developing countries because it is cheaper to service in terms of interest costs. These countries tax their citizens heavily to raise enough finances to pay foreign debt. It was thus feasible to establish the influence of the foreign debt and taxation on expenditure of the Kenyan government. The study employed a causal research design. The period under study ranged from 2002 to 2017. The study used secondary data which was extracted from the National Bureau of Statistics, and National Economic Surveys which were available at the Government of Kenya website. Correlation statistics were conducted to establish the association between variables. Regression analysis was used to establish the effect of foreign debt and taxation on government expenditure in Kenya. The findings revealed that foreign debt and taxation influences government expenditure individually. However, on the test of the joint effect, only taxation was found to influence public expenditure significantly unlike foreign debts.

Fast growing chicken suffers more in a hot humid condition than a slow growing one. The slow feathering affects the insulation mechanism of the chicken, thus enhance birds ability to dissipate heat during heat stress to a greater extent. As a consequence, slow feathered birds are more adaptive to hot humid environmental conditions. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of incorporating early feather restriction gene (KS) in exotic population. A total of 34 slow feathered (SF) native chicks with KS gene of 28-day-old were collected from different villages and markets and were reared up to sexual maturity. After attaining sexual maturity, 2 males and 8 females of SF native chicken were randomly chosen to make a di-allelic cross with rapid feathered (RF) Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Fayoumi (FY). The crossbred progeny of each cross were reared up to 105 days to assess growth, survivability, heat tolerance and carcass yield under hot humid Bangladeshi condition. The collected data were arranged in a 3(genotype)×2(feather pattern)×9(age) factorial experiment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and analyzed by SAS. Among genotypes, the highest survivability was obtained in Desi×Fayoumi (96.7%) and in SF chicks (96.1%) and the lowest in Desi×RIR (91.5%) and in RF chicks (90.5%). The SF chicks exhibited an average 8% heavier live weight than that of their RF counterparts. The cloacal temperature varied among genotypes and between feathering patterns (FP); being highest in Desi×RIR (430C) and in RF chicks (41.60C) and lowest in RIR×Desi (400C) and in SF chicks (41.40C). In case of Desi×RIR, RIR×Desi and Desi×Fayoumi, cloacal temperature increased linearly by 0.047, 0.044 and 0.0320C for each gram of live weight increase. Further, the cloacal temperature increased linearly by 0.036 and 0.0440C for the increase of each gram of live weight gain in case of RF and SF chicks, respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference of dressing percentage for the effect of either genotype or FP (55.4% for SF vs. 46.6% for RF birds). Genotype and FP had significant effects (P<0.05; P<0.01) on total meat yield; being highest in Desi×RIR (24.6%) and in SF birds (26.2%) and lowest in Desi×Fayoumi (21.4%) and in RF birds (20.6%). Breast meat yield of SF birds (9.2%) was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of RF birds (7.1%). The highest thigh meat yield was obtained in Desi×RIR (7.6%) and in SF birds (8.3%) and the lowest in Desi×Fayoumi (6.7%) and in RF counterparts (6.0%). The highest drumstick meat yield was obtained in RIR×Desi (5.6%) and in SF birds (5.9%) and the lowest in Desi×Fayoumi (5.0%) and in RF birds (4.8%). Genotype and FP had significant interaction effect on total meat yield as well as fractional meat yields. The study revealed that incorporation of ‘Ks’ gene in the exotic one by crossing with native chicken and rearing under hot humid environment may be a means of improving growth, survivability, heat tolerance and carcass yield.

Agreement/contract for place of business in the context of restoration/rejuvenation of the Medan Municipal Petisah Market project which was made and signed by the Medan Municipal Government with PT. Gunung Karya Kencana Sentosa (PT.GKKS) on July 24, 1993 with agreement/contract number 511.2/13155 is a form of build operate transfer (BOT). The problem in this research is related to the contract arrangement for the place of business in the context of the development and management of the Petisah Market, how is the authority of PD.Pasar Kota Medan in making cooperation contracts and problems and their solutions in the development and management cooperation of the Petisah Market. This research method uses a qualitative method that is juridical normative. Based on the formulation of the problem, this research also conducts interviews and direct observations of the results of development carried out by PT. GKKS as well as the management of Medan Petisah Market which is divided into management areas based on the contract, namely the first floor for PT. GKKS and the second floor for the third floor for PD. Pasar Kota Medan. Making every contract in the PD environment. Medan City Market before and after regional autonomy is the same. PD. Medan City Market is authorized and has the right to make a cooperation contract with any party as long as it must be approved by the Medan City PD.Pasar Supervisory Board. Therefore, the Petisah Market contract is null and void because the Medan City Government represented by the Medan Mayor is not authorized to be a party to the cooperation contract because the Petisah Market which is the object of the contract/agreement is not owned by the Medan City Government since the change in the Medan City Market Service institution. become a PD. Medan City Market.

One of the global concerns in contemporary times is COVID-19 pandemic, otherwise known as corona virus, which, according to available records, had its origin in China. The pandemic, from all indications, has had devastating effects in the areas of health, economy, education and socialisation globally. Against this background, this paper reviewed the outbreak of the pandemic and its devastating effects globally and noted that so far, there had not been any known cure. Although efforts had been made by some nations and pharmaceutical outfits to develop vaccines, the paper observed that there had been a whole lot of controversies surrounding the efficacy and side effects of the vaccines, and as a result, many people had avoided making themselves available for the administration of the vaccines. In view of the foregoing, the paper argued that the corona virus, for now, has come to stay with humanity as HIV AIDS and other terminal diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes and the like. And as a result, it is suggested that the Nigeria Government should, in addition to other measures already put in place to combat the deadly virus, ensure that the literacy rate of Nigerians as regards reading-writing literacy, media literacy and health literacy is accelerated so that Nigerians will be equipped and empowered to cope with the devastating effects of COVID-19.

The study examined the food choice and nutritional intake of children and adolescents. Specifically, it investigated the healthiness, convenience, and sensation of the food intake of the participants’ sex and age, it also examines the choice of carbohydrate, protein, and vitamin food of the participants. Using survey research design, data were randomly collected from 254 participants of 9-11 years (late childhood) and 12-18 years (adolescent). A research instrument that was adequately validated was used for data collection. The results showed that male participants (58.3%) eat healthy food than female (41.7%) participants, convenience (easy to prepare) and sensation (look, taste and smell) do not affect the nutritional intake of older children and adolescents. Moreover, the result revealed that gender does not contribute significantly to the food choice of children and adolescents, regardless of the age of the participants there is a high rate of consumption of carbohydrate food. The study concludes that the adverse effects of too much carbohydrate food should be taken into consideration, children and adolescents should be encouraged to eat all types of food in their diet except in the case of allergy.

Six decades after the political independence of the Nigerian state, its government like many other governments across the third world has not been able to eradicate poverty within its borders. The prevailing situation has defied the introduction of different political structures, economic policies and even the deployment of foreign expertise and aids. This study therefore examines the causes, consequences and extant solutions proffered before now and concludes that for a nation to grow economically and rise above poverty level, there is need for human capital development since the poverty level in the country has negative impact on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP). This study measures Human Capital Development (HCD) through per capital income and Human Development Index (HDI).

Employee engagement is the level of commitment and involvement an employee exhibits towards his/ her organization and its values. An engaged employee is aware of the business context and works with colleagues to improve performance within the job for the benefit of the organization. The organization must work to develop and nurture engagement, which requires a two way relationship between employer and employee’. Thus, employee engagement is a barometer that determines the scope, richness & depth of the association of a person with the organization. Employee engagement is a multidimensional concept considering the two-way interaction between the employers and employees of an organization. As a matter of fact, employee engagement has emerged as a notable need for businesses. Employee engagement is important for any employer who aims to retain their valued employees as an employer’s capability to manage employee engagement is related to their ability to achieve enhanced business gains and high level of performance. “People may forget words; people may forget actions; but people will always remember respect, recognition & appreciation given to them publically for their contributions…”

Background of the study: Smartphones medically related applications are quickly becoming one of the main tools for accessing clinical information among health care professionals. Aim of Study: This study assessed the perception of patients on usage of smartphones by health care professionals during clinic hours. Methodology: The study recruited 185 patients. Data on demographic characteristics and perception of patients on the use of smartphones for medical information were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were summarized using a descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of Chi square. Alpha level was set at 0.005 Results: 76 Males, 109 Females participated in this study. 67.6% (125) own a smartphones. 34.6% (64) have seen health care professionals using smartphones during clinic hours, 28.1% (18) had their health care providers explain to them reasons for using smartphone. 34.1% (63) agreed it was unprofessional for health care provider to use smartphone during clinic, 33.5% (62) disagreed, 32.4% (60) were undecided. No association observed between respondents’ age (?2= 12.00, p= 0.606), educational qualification (?2= 8.501, p= 0.075) and responses to the statement that use of smartphones by health care professional was unprofessional. Conclusion: Although one third of the respondents agreed that usage of smartphones by healthcare professionals in the clinic while attending to patients was unprofessional however, usage of smartphone for health related information by health care professionals during clinic hours should be with caution to avoid losing the confidence repose in them by their patients.

Sexuality is a fundamental component of human personal existence. Human sexuality as an aspect of human existence in the world involves a variety of dimensions, in dealing with these dimensions of human sexuality, this paper adopts a favored option regarding the multi-disciplinary procedural framework. In the context of the multidisciplinary procedural framework this paper pays attention to the question of terminology and theories in relation to the origins of homosexuality, health and disease categories, together with the holistic Development of human life viz-a-viz issues and perspectives. In the polarized arena of public and social discourse, with a cacophony of voices calling for or against the legal institutionalization of “gay marriage,” it is also important to call attention to the imperative of responsibility as an overarching ethical imperative. However, this papers overall goals are to stimulate thought by disrupting the present paradigm of counseling psychology as a primarily ameliorative endeavor, and to replace professional rhetoric regarding prevention and advocacy with concrete recommendations informed by pastoral doctrinal theory and research.

Sustainable land management has emerged as an issue of major global concern. In many countries particularly in Ethiopia, the concern of suitable land management is because of the increasing population pressure on limited land resources, demanding for increased food production, the degradation of land and water resources accelerating rapidly. If the lands well suited for agriculture, it will follows further increases in production to meet the food demands of increasing populations, must come about by the more intensive use of existing agricultural lands. Climate & soil conditions, land use type and management, determine the production limit.To contest cited venomous effects of intensification, regard to environmental effects requires the development and implementation of technologies and policies, which will result in sustainable land management (Gisla-dottir and Stocking, 2005; Campbell and Hagmann, 2003). The major factors reason for low productivity include dependence on traditional farming techniques, soil degradation caused by overgrazing and deforestation, poor corresponding services such as extension, credit, marketing, infrastructure, and climatic factors such as drought and flood (Deressa, Hassan, & Ringler, 2011). In addition to the low soil fertility, soil degradation in Ethiopia; reduces soil productivity which results to food insecurity, economic losses and aggravates the recurrent droughts (Shiferaw & Holden, 1999; Mitiku et al., 2006). It has also increases vulnerability of people to the adverse effects of climate variability and change, by reducing soil organic carbon level and water holding capacity, which in turn decreases agricultural productivity and local resource assets (TerrAfrica, 2009; Nyssen et. al., 2003a; Hurni, 2000; Mitiku Haile,2006 & Daniel et al., 2015). Climate change causes wide-ranging effects on the environment, socioeconomic and associated sectors: water resources, agriculture and food security, human health, terrestrial ecosystems, and biodiversity (Belay Zerga & Getaneh Gebeyehu, 2016). Ethiopia is extremely vulnerable to climate related disasters including drought, heavy rains, floods, frost and heat waves which leads to a negative impacts on agriculture, food security, rural livelihoods, and economic development (NMA 2007). Planning of changes in land use requires a inclusive knowledge of the natural resources; a trustworthy estimate of what they are capable of producing, so that reliable predictions and recommendations can be made. Production potential, the conservation of soil and water resources for use by future generations requires consideration in planning land development. For these reasons sustainable land management is now getting considerable attention from development experts, policy makers and researchers. In long-term period, any utilization over its capability of the land will cause degradation and yield reduction. Therefore, to know the land production capacity and to allocate the land to the satisfactory and to the most profitable should be cared.

This paper examined the relationship between stock market development and performance of the Nigerian economy. The analysis scope covered a period of 10 years spanning from 2010-2020. The analytic procedure for the information was econometric. The estimation techniques used are co-integration, Granger Causality and Error Correction to check whether the exchange indices have impacted on the macroeconomic performance of Nigeria.The result showed that the constant parameter is negatively or inversely associated with LGDP.The coefficient of the constant parameter (B0) is –15038.18. This suggests that if all the explanatory variables are held constant, LGDP which is that the explained variable will increase by 15038.18 units. Conclusively, all variables might not have been reasons enough for a change in the Gross domestic product level, but the fact still remains that there is an affinity between them. The study recommends that the central bank of Nigeria (CBN) being the monetary authority should plan and implement policies that bring about an increase flow of investment funds and improves the extent of capitalisation to the economy.

The dielectric constant of mixed compound of Lead Tantalate(PbTa2O6) sintered with Silver oxide has been measured between the temperatures 40°C to 300°C using the capacitance bridge model ZENITH M 92A at the frequency of 1000 Hz. During the measurement, it is found that the properly annealed sample have three peaks at the temperature 90°C (e = 1000), 220°C (e =800) and 230°C (e = 623) respectively and a high peak at the temperature of 130°C (e = 1600) in the heating cycle curve with some intermediate fluctuations. When the variation of dielectric constant was studied in cooling cycle the peak was observed at 240ºC, above and below this temperature, dielectric constant decreases with some intermediate fluctuations showing shows a first order phase transition. The variation in heating cycle is explained on the basis of activated polarization process. When the behavior of compound is studied in cooling cycle, then pronounced hysteresis is found with certain intermediate fluctuations. The cooling cycle curve does not follow heating curve because of the temperature relaxation of the compound. The occurrence of peak at the Curie temperature is explained by the latent heat type properties of the mixed compound. The temperature variation of the mixed compound suggests for its valuable applications as active and smart materials and its applications in the ceramics.

This article discusses the Value of Time in the Creation of Historians. We will try to analyze this category on the example of Mu’izz ul-Ansab. The chronological data in the source are 146, of which 88 belong to the Genghis and 58 to the Timurid periods. We will analyze the chronological data according to the first stage of YOMIXT. The first of the numbers represents a data index belonging to the Genghis and the second to the Timurids.

Urban flooding has not only become a major threat to Kenema City, Eastern Sierra Leone but to urban communities in the country situated on river confluence or basins. The threats included all but the following; socio-economic and above all environmental impacts. Sierra Leone records flooding every year despite strategies adopted by government and partners in mitigating its consequences on both rural and urban communities. The floods have had negative implications on urban communities’ livelihoods, infrastructure, lives and above all socio-economic activities. This paper aims at exploring causes and socio-economic impacts of urban flooding on Kenema City, Eastern Sierra Leone. Comprehensive review of related literature was drawn from individuals, co-authors with in depth experience in research and practice, and web sites for recent studies. A longitudinal research design was used to study flood incidence in the selected communities within five (5) flood disaster years. For sampling technique three (3) communities prone to flooding in the City were randomly selected. Forty-five (45) respondents were selected from the three (3) sampled communities and ten (10) recruited from stakeholders dealing with environmental issues totaling fifty-five (55). There were thirty-five (35) males and twenty (20) females. Two main methods were used; desktop literature and questionnaire. Results show that flooding has been seasonal in the study communities. Various causes of flooding in the City were outlined ranging from deforestation to lack of flood early warning signs. The socio-economic impacts included all but the following; loss of lives and property, loss of livelihood, mass unwanted migration, psychosocial effects, damage to city infrastructure, hindrance to economic growth and development, long recovery from flood events and negative political implications.

This article is more effective than interactive methods, taking into account the psychological literacy of teachers and students in the organization of music clubs, as well as the minutes of music literacy in the primary school “Music Culture” lessons in general secondary schools and targeted use, to compose musical impressions and develop the necessary musical knowledge and skills, to teach music literacy or lessons in an orderly, step-by-step manner, from simple to complex, to use time efficiently. As a result, ways to achieve musical literacy are shown.

This article discusses the legal regulation of relations in the field of migration. A fund has been set up to support individuals working abroad and to protect their rights and interests. The practice of insuring the lives and health of migrant workers and allocating mortgage loans for their family members has been introduced. It is impossible to solve these important tasks without accurate information on the factors, directions and results of external labor migration and the labor resources involved in it.

The article substantiates the need for the formation of discussion competence among students of linguistic universities. For this purpose, it is proposed to use an integrated approach. The methodology for developing an integrated approach is based on general scientific principles that take into account the specifics of the formation of students discussion competence. Clarified the content of the concepts: "discussion competence" and "discussion speech". The didactic conditions for the formation of discussion competence are revealed, which provide a combination of factors of purposeful pedagogical influence on a student in order to form a discussion competence.

This policy analysis of the Million Hearts Initiative (MHI) intended to examine the extent to which the initiative met the policy process guidelines set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The three objectives were to identify which CDC policy process domains were met; to identify any gaps in implementing the CDC Policy domains; and finally, to determine if the MHI was successful in preventing 1 million heart attacks and strokes within 5 years. The CDC policy process includes five domains: problem identification, policy analysis, policy and strategy development, policy enactment, and policy implementation (1). Data was collected through the use of key words that subject matter experts utilize when describing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks and peer-reviewed journal articles. Results showed that not all CDC domains were met and there were also gaps when implementing the MHI.

Achievement goal orientation is one of the important psychological variables in the realm of education, knowing the orientation of students in learning will provide information on the form of behavior they do in academic activities at school. We tested the psychometric properties of the achievement goal orientation tool from Elliot & McGregor, (2001). Participants in this study were 431 students in Indonesia. The results of the study stated that the achievement goal orientation measuring instrument had good reliability and all items met the validity coefficient value of the item correlation test. The research implications are discussed in the discussion.

This study tries to answer the research objectives, namely to find out how the influence of Price Perception and Game Features on Online Game Virtual Item Purchase Decisions. The results of hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis with two independent variables and one dependent variable indicate that: The proposed H1 states that Price Perception has no effect on Online Game Virtual Item Purchase Decisions, it can be seen if the tcount value is 0.896 or less than ttable (a : 5%, df : 37 = 2.026192), in addition, the significance value is 0.376 or greater than the model significance value of 0.05. Then H1 is rejected, meaning that this cannot affect the Online Game Item Virtual Purchase Decision. The proposed H2 states that Game Features have an effect on Online Game Virtual Item Purchase Decisions, it can be seen if the tcount value of 1.908 is smaller than ttable (5%, df : 37 = 2.026192), but the significance value is 0.064 or greater than the value the significance of the model is 0.05. Then H2 is rejected, meaning that this cannot affect the Online Game Item Virtual Purchase Decision. The proposed H3 states that Price Perception and Game Features simultaneously affect the Decision to Purchase Virtual Items Online Game, from table 4.12 the Fcount value is 4.751 or greater than the Ftable value (a : 5%, dk numerator : 2, dk denominator : 39 -2-1, Ftable: 3.26), besides the significance value is 0.015 or less than the model significance (0.05), it can be concluded if H3 is accepted, meaning that Price Perception and Game Features simultaneously affect Virtual Purchase Decisions Online Game Items.

The main proposals and conclusions of the Research are analyzed which about to educate the intellectual students and to create the healthy atmosphere in Higher Educational Institutions. The Results of the Research work is useful for carrying out seminar-training and create syllabus and using practice in the Higher Educational Institutions.

To date, CVD, in particular acute cerebrovascular accidents, have a clear tendency to increase. The existing domestic and especially foreign literature testifies to the established important medical and social problems of acute cerebral stroke in the society of humanity around the world. Stroke can develop at any age, but its frequency and prevalence increase with age. About 80% of strokes occur in people over 65, with age having a major impact on stroke outcomes.

This research is based on the following problems: (1) How can life skills-based learning management improve the quality of graduates of SMKN 3 Samarinda? (2) What is the role of motivation in life skill-based learning management at SMKN 3 Samarinda? The objectives to be achieved are: (1) Describe learning management based on life skills to improve the quality of graduates of SMKN 3 Samarinda. (2) Describe the role of motivation in the management of life skills-based learning of students of SMKN 3 Samarinda. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with the main and first instrument being the researcher himself. The results obtained in this study indicate that the achievement of life skill-based learning management to improve the quality of graduates cannot stand alone, but it is an integral part of the supporting management. Supporting factors for learning management are: (a) curriculum management, (b) student management, (c) management of educators and education personnel, (d) management of facilities and infrastructure, (d) management of financing (e) management of school and community relations , and (f) Cultural and environmental management. Learning management and 7 (seven) supporting management are carried out by carrying out management functions, namely: (a) Planning, (b) Organizing, (c) Implementation, (d) Control, (e) Monitoring, and (f) Evaluation. With the optimization of the implementation of learning management, it turns out that it can improve the quality of graduates of SMKN 3 Samarinda, namely graduates who have life skills. The successful implementation of learning management and supporting management at SMKN 3 Samarinda is due to the high motivation from all levels of management, educators and educational staff at SMKN 3 Samarinda. High motivation is owned by the ranks of learning management, curriculum management, student management, management of educators and education personnel, financial management, school and community relations management, cultural management and the school environment. Thus, high motivation has a role in realizing learning management based on life skills. Conclusion: the achievement of learning management is due to the high motivation of all elements of human resources in learning management and support management, namely: curriculum management, student management, management of educators and education personnel, management of facilities and infrastructure, financial management, school relationship management and community, and cultural management and the school environment. Each type of management carries out functions: (a) Planning, (b) Organizing, (c) Implementation, (d) Control, (e) Monitoring, and (f) Evaluation.

The comparative study of the soils sample collected from Gudu and Oworoshoki area, Sokoto state and Lagos State was carried out to compare the index properties of soil at shallow soil deposit. The Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to locate the coordinates of the site. Shallow soil samples (disturbed and undisturbed) at different depths (1m, 2m and 3m) were collected from both study areas (Gudu and Oworoshoki). The disturbed samples were collected using hand trowel, digger, hoe and polythene bags while the undisturbed samples were collected using short pipes (samplers) by stroking each pipe into the ground completely with a hammer at each depth. Disturbed and undisturbed soils collected at different shallow depths (1m, 2m and 3m) were taken to the laboratory for natural moisture content, specific gravity, sieve analysis, Atterberg limits and unit weight test. Empirical equations were used for analyzing the soil samples and AASTHO System of classification was used for classifying the soil samples. The results of the test on Gudu soil samples has shown that the soil sample collected at depth 1.0m and 2.0m are nonplastic materials and were classified according to AASHTO standard as A-3 and sample at depth 3.0m as A-4 which is silty soil while Oworoshoki soil samples has shown that Soils from depth 1.0m, 2.0m and 3.0m are nonplastic (NP) because the Plastic Index (PI = 0) is zero and the soil samples are classified as A – 3 according to AASHTO standard.